东北黑土区土壤侵蚀模拟中的地形因子尺度分析Scale Analysis of Topographic Factor in Erosion Modeling in Black Soil Area of Northeast China——A Case Study of Fengshou Catchment in Heilongjiang Province
闫业超,张树文,岳书平
摘要(Abstract):
地形因子是土壤流失方程中坡度坡长两因子的乘积,用来表示土壤侵蚀中的地形效应,与研究区域的地形地貌特点密切相关。本文以黑龙江省克东县丰收小流域为例,利用1:5万和1:10万地形图建立数字高程模型(DEM),探讨了不同DEM分辨率和地形图比例尺变化所产生的地形因子的尺度效应。认为东北黑土区利用1:5万地形图计算地形因子时,20m格网大小是较理想的DEM分辨率;另外,在利用较小比例尺地形图建立的DEM计算地形因子时,汇水单元的划分不宜过细。
关键词(KeyWords): 黑土区;地形因子;GIS;尺度效应
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目(基金批准号:40771162)资助
作者(Author): 闫业超,张树文,岳书平
参考文献(References):
- [1]Wischmeier W C,and Smith D D.Predicting rainfall erosion losses-a guide to conservation planning[M].Agriculture Handbook No.537.US Dept Agric.,Washington,DC,1978.
- [2]Renard K G,Foster G R,Weesies G A,et al.Coordinators.Predicting Soil Erosion by Water:a Guide to Conservation Planning with the Re-vised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[Z].USDA Agricultural Handbook,1997,203-208.
- [3]Guangxing Wang,George Gertner,Pablo Parysow,etc.Spatial prediction and uncertainty assessment of topographic factor for revised universalsoil loss equation using digital elevation models[J].ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry&Remote Sensing,2001,56:65-80.
- [4]Van Remortel R,MHamilton and R Hickey.Estimating the LS factor for RUSLE through iterative slope length processing of digital elevation data[J].Cartography,2001,30(1):27-35.
- [5]郝振纯,池宸星,王玲,等.DEM空间分辨率的初步分析[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(5):499-504.
- [6]Wang G,S Fang S Shinkareva,G Z Gertner and AAnderson.Uncertainty propagation and error budgets in spatialprediction of topographical fac-tor for Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[J].Trans.ASAE,2002,45(1):109-118.
- [7]Hutchinson MF.A newprocedure for gridding elevation and stream line data with automatic removal of spurious pits[J].Journal of Hydrology,1989,106:211-232.
- [8]Doucette P et al.Exploring the capability of some GIS surface interpolators for DEMgap fill[J].PE&RS,2000,66:881-888.
- [9]蔡孟裔.新编地图学教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000,87-91.
- [10]张宪奎,许靖华,卢秀芹,等.黑龙江省土壤流失方程的研究[J].水土保持通报,1992,12(4):1-10.
- [11]张小峰,袁晶.基于熵值法的BP网络输入变量加权分层方法研究[J].水科学进展,2005,16(2):263-267.
- [12]Vieux B E.DEMaggregation and smoothing effects on surface runoff modeling.In:Lyon,J.G.,McCarthy,J.(Eds.),Wetland and Environ-mental Applications of GIS[J].Lewis Publishers,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,1995,205-229.
- [13]Liang Zongxia,Zheng Mingli.Exponential Integrability,Exponential Decay of Entropy and Logarithmic Sobolev Inequalities of Symmetric Difu-sions[J].Mathematic Applicata,1998,11(1):9-13.
- [14]张力果,赵淑梅,周占鳌.地图学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1989,111-113.
- [15]Elena Amorea,Carlo Modicaa,and Mark ANearing,etc.Scale effect in USLE and WEPP application for soil erosion computation fromthree Si-cilian basins[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,293:100-114.
- [16]Baginska B,M-HW and P S Cornish.Modelling nutrient transport in Currency Creek,NSW with AnnAGNPS and PEST[J].EnvironmentalModelling and Software,2003,18:801-808.
- [17]Yang D,Herath S,Musiake K.Spatial resolution sensitivity of catchment geomorphologic properties and the effect on hydrological simulation[J].Hydrological Processes,2001,11:2085~2099.